Notes (備忘) - 2

1. Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
     A. Anion-gap = [Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])
    MUDPILES
     M. Methanol intoxication
     U. Uremia
     D. Diabetic or alcoholic ketoacidosis
     P. Paraldehyde
     I. Isoniazid/Iron overdose
     L. Lactic acid
     E. Ethylene glycol intoxication
     S. Salicylate intoxication

    Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
    HARDUP
     H. Hyperalimentation/hyperventilation
     A. Acetazolamide
     R. RTA
     D. Diarrhea
     U. Ureteroenteric fistula
     P. Pancreatic fistula/parenteral saline

2. Dialysis Indications:
    AEIOU
    A. Acid-base problems (severe acidosis or alkalosis)
    E. Electrolyte problems (hyperkalemia)
    I. Intoxications
    O. Overload, fluid
    U. Uremic symptoms



3. Cholinergic Overdose
   SLUDGE
   S. Salivation
   L. Lacrimation
   U. Urination
   D. Diarrhea
   G. Gastric upset
   E. Emesis

4. Altered Mental Status (AMS)
   AEIOU TIPS
   A. Alcohol
   E. Endocrine/Electrolytes/Encephalopathy
   I. Insulin
   O. Opiates
   U. Uremia
   T. Trauma
   I. Infection
   P. Poisoning
   S. Seizures/Stroke/Sepsis/SAH

5. GI Bleeding
   ABCDEFGHI:
   A. Angiodysplasia
   B. Bowel cancer
   C. Colitis
   D. Diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer
   E. Epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices)
   F. Fistula (anal, aortaenteric)
   G. Gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis)
   H. Hemorrhoids
   I. Infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ Ischemic bowel

6. White Counts
  Never Let Momma Eat Beans (60, 30, 6, 3, 1) 
   Neutrophils 60%
   Lymphocytes 30%
   Monocytes 6%
   Eosinophils 3%
   Basophils 1%

7. ACEI Contraindications
   PARK:
   P. Pregnancy
   A. Allergy
   R. Renal artery stenosis
   K. K increase (hyperkalemia)

8. Wheezing Causes
   ASTHMA
   A. Asthma
   S. Small airways disease (ex. COPD, bronchilitis, sarcoidosis, etc)
   T. Tracheal obstruction
   H. Heart failure
   M. Mastocytosis or carcinoid
   A. Anaphylaxis or allergy